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1 Perceivable 🔍
52
1.1 Text Alternatives
7
7
A
Images, form image buttons, and image map hot spots have appropriate, equivalent
⁠
.
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A
Images that do not convey content, are decorative, or contain content that is already conveyed in text are given null alt text (alt="") or implemented as CSS backgrounds. All linked images have descriptive alternative text.
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A
Equivalent alternatives to complex images are provided in context or on a separate linked page.
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A
Form buttons have a descriptive value.
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A
Form inputs have associated
⁠
.
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A
Embedded multimedia is identified via accessible text.
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A
Frames and iFrames are appropriately
⁠
.
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1.2 Time-based Media
10
2
A
A
⁠
of relevant content is provided for non-live audio-only (audio podcasts, MP3 files, etc.).
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A
A transcript or
⁠
of relevant content is provided for non-live video-only, unless the video is decorative.
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1
A
⁠
⁠
are provided for non-live video (YouTube videos, etc.).
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1
A
A transcript or audio description is provided for non-live video. (NOTE: Only required if there is relevant visual content that is not presented in the audio.)
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1
AA
Synchronized captions are provided for live media that contains audio (audio-only broadcasts, web casts, video conferences, etc.)
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1
AA
Audio descriptions are provided for non-live video. (NOTE: Only required if there is relevant visual content that is not presented in the audio. Also, while not required at Level AA, for optimal accessibility WebAIM recommends transcripts in addition to audio descriptions.)
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1
AAA
A sign language video is provided for media that contains audio.
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1
AAA
When audio description cannot be added to video due to audio timing (e.g., insufficient pauses in the audio), an alternative version of the video with pauses that allow audio descriptions is provided.
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1
AAA
A transcript is provided for pre-recorded media that has a video track. For optimal accessibility, WebAIM strongly recommends transcripts for all multimedia.
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1
AAA
A descriptive text transcript (e.g., the script of the live audio) is provided for live content that has audio.
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1.3 Adaptable
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3
A
⁠
⁠
is used to designate headings (<h1>), regions/landmarks, lists (<ul>, <ol>, and <dl>), emphasized or special text (<strong>, <code>, <abbr>, <blockquote>, for example), etc. Semantic markup is used appropriately.
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A
⁠
⁠
are used for tabular data and data cells are associated with their headers. Data table captions, if present, are associated to data tables.
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A
⁠
⁠
are associated with form input elements. Related form elements are grouped with fieldset/legend. ARIA labelling may be used when standard HTML is insufficient.
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1
A
The
⁠
(determined by code order) is logical and intuitive.
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2
A
Instructions do not rely upon shape, size, or visual location (e.g., "Click the square icon to continue" or "Instructions are in the right-hand column").
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A
Instructions do not rely upon sound (e.g., "A beeping sound indicates you may continue.").
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1
AA
Orientation of web content is not restricted to only portrait or landscape, unless a specific orientation is necessary.
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1
AA
Input fields that collect
⁠
have an appropriate autocomplete attribute defined.
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2
AAA
HTML5 regions or ARIA landmarks are used to identify page regions.
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AAA
ARIA is used, where appropriate, to enhance HTML semantics to better identify the purpose of interface components.
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1.4 Distinguishable
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2
A
Color is not used as the sole method of conveying content or distinguishing visual elements.
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A
Color alone is not used to distinguish
⁠
from surrounding text unless the
⁠
between the link and the surrounding text is at least 3:1
and
an additional distinction (e.g., it becomes underlined) is provided when the link is hovered over and receives focus.
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1
A
A mechanism is provided to stop, pause, mute, or adjust volume for audio that automatically plays on a page for more than 3 seconds.
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2
AA
Text and images of text have a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1.
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AA
Large text - at least 18 point (typically 24px) or 14 point (typically 18.66px) and bold - has a contrast ratio of at least 3:1.
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1
AA
The page is readable and functional when the page is zoomed to 200%. NOTE: 1.4.10 introduces a much higher requirement for zoomed content.
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2
AA
If the same visual presentation can be made using text alone, an image is not used to present that text.
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AAA
Text is used within an image only for decoration (image does not convey content) OR when the information cannot be presented with text alone.
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⁠
⁠
⁠
2
AA
No loss of content or functionality occurs and horizontal scrolling is avoided when content is presented at a width of 320 pixels. This requires responsive design for most web sites. This is best tested by setting the browser window to 1280 pixels wide and then zooming the page content to 400%.
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AA
Content that requires horizontal scrolling, such as data tables, complex images (such as maps and charts), toolbars, etc. are exempted.
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2
AA
A contrast ratio of at least 3:1 is present for differentiating graphical objects (such as icons and components of charts or graphs) and author-customized interface components (such as buttons, form controls, and focus indicators/outlines).
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AA
At least 3:1 contrast must be provided in the various states (focus, hover, active, etc.) of author-customized interactive components.
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2
AA
No loss of content or functionality occurs when the user adapts paragraph spacing to 2 times the font size, text line height/spacing to 1.5 times the font size, word spacing to .16 times the font size, and letter spacing to .12 times the font size.
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AA
This is best supported by avoiding pixel height definitions for elements that contain text.
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3
AA
When additional content is presented on hover or keyboard focus. the newly revealed content can be dismissed (generally via the Esc key) without moving the pointer or keyboard focus, unless the content presents an input error or does not obscure or interfere with other page content.
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AA
When additional content is presented on hover or keyboard focus, the pointer can be moved to the new content without the content disappearing.
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AA
When additional content is presented on hover or keyboard focus, the new content must remain visible until the pointer or keyboard focus is moved away from the triggering control, the new content is dismissed, or the new content is no longer relevant.
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2
AAA
Text and images of text have a contrast ratio of at least 7:1.
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AAA
Large text - at least 18 point (typically 24px) or 14 point (typically 18.66px) bold - has a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1.
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1
AAA
Audio with speech has no or very low background noise so the speech is easily distinguished.
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5
AAA
Blocks of text over one sentence in length are no more than 80 characters wide.
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AAA
Blocks of text over one sentence in length are NOT fully justified (aligned to both the left and the right margins).
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AAA
Blocks of text over one sentence in length have adequate line spacing (at least 1/2 the height of the text) and paragraph spacing (1.5 times line spacing).
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AAA
Blocks of text over one sentence in length have a specified foreground and background color. These can be applied to specific elements or to the entire page using CSS (and thus inherited by all other elements).
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AAA
Blocks of text over one sentence in length do NOT require horizontal scrolling when the text size is doubled.
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2 Operable 🔧
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2.1 Keyboard Accessible
5
2
A
All page functionality is available using the
⁠
, unless the functionality cannot be accomplished in any known way using a keyboard (e.g., free hand drawing).
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A
Page-specified shortcut keys and accesskeys (accesskey should typically be avoided) do not conflict with existing browser and screen reader shortcuts.
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1
A
⁠
⁠
focus is never locked or trapped at one particular page element. The user can navigate to and from all navigable page elements using only a keyboard.
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1
AAA
All page functionality is available using the keyboard.
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1
A
If a keyboard shortcut uses printable character keys, then the user must be able to disable the key command, change the defined key to a non-printable key (Ctrl, Alt, etc.), or only activate the shortcut when an associated interface component or button is focused.
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2.2 Enough Time
7
1
A
If a page or application has a time limit, the user is given options to turn off, adjust, or extend that time limit. This is not a requirement for real-time events (e.g., an auction), where the time limit is absolutely required, or if the time limit is longer than 20 hours.
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2
A
Automatically moving, blinking, or scrolling content (such as carousels, marquees, or animations) that lasts longer than 5 seconds can be paused, stopped, or hidden by the user.
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A
Automatically updating content (e.g., a dynamically-updating news ticker, chat messages, etc.) can be paused, stopped, or hidden by the user or the user can manually control the timing of the updates.
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1
AAA
The content and functionality have no time limits or constraints.
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1
AAA
Interruptions (alerts, page updates, etc.) can be postponed or suppressed by the user.
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1
AAA
If an authentication session expires, the user can re-authenticate and continue the activity without losing any data from the current page.
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1
AAA
Users must be warned of any timeout that could result in data loss, unless the data is preserved for longer than 20 hours of user inactivity.
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2.3 Seizures and Physical Reactions
3
1
A
No page content
⁠
more than 3 times per second unless that flashing content is sufficiently small and the flashes are of low contrast and do not contain too much red. (
⁠
)
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1
AAA
No page content flashes more than 3 times per second.
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1
AAA
Users can disable non-essential animation and movement that is triggered by user interaction.
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2.4 Navigable
12
2
A
A link is provided to skip navigation and other page elements that are repeated across web pages.
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A
A proper heading structure and/or identification of page regions/landmarks may be considered a sufficient technique. Because navigating by headings or regions is not supported in most browsers, WebAIM recommends a "skip" link (in addition to headings and regions) to best support sighted keyboard users.
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1
A
The web page has a descriptive and informative page title.
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1
A
The navigation order of links, form elements, etc. is logical and intuitive.
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2
A
The purpose of each link (or form image button or image map hotspot) can be determined from the link text alone, or from the link text and its context (e.g., surrounding text, list item, previous heading, or table headers).
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A
Links (or form image buttons) with the same text that go to different locations are readily distinguishable.
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1
AA
⁠
⁠
are available to find other web pages on the site - at least two of: a list of related pages, table of contents, site map, site search, or list of all available web pages.
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1
AA
Page headings and labels for form and interactive controls are informative. Avoid duplicating heading (e.g., "More Details") or label text (e.g., "First Name") unless the structure provides adequate differentiation between them.
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1
AAA
If a web page is part of a sequence of pages or within a complex site structure, an indication of the current page location is provided, for example, through breadcrumbs or specifying the current step in a sequence (e.g., "Step 2 of 5 - Shipping Address").
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2
AAA
The purpose of each link (or form image button or image map hotspot) can be determined from the link text alone.
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There are no links (or form image buttons) with the same text that go to different locations.
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1
AAA
Beyond providing an overall document structure, individual sections of content are designated using headings, where appropriate.
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2.5 Input Modalities
6
1
A
If multipoint or path-based gestures (such as pinching, swiping, or dragging across the screen) are not essential to the functionality, then the functionality can also be performed with a single point activation (such as activating a button).
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1
A
To help avoid inadvertent activation of controls, avoid non-essential down-event (e.g., onmousedown) activation when clicking, tapping, or long pressing the screen. Use onclick, onmouseup, or similar instead. If onmouseup (or similar) is used, you must provide a mechanism to abort or undo the action performed.
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1
A
If an interface component (link, button, etc.) presents text (or images of text), the accessible name (label, alternative text, aria-label, etc.) for that component must include the visible text.
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1
A
Functionality that is triggered by moving the device (such as shaking or panning a mobile device) or by user movement (such as waving to a camera) can be disabled and equivalent functionality is provided via standard controls like buttons.
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1
AAA
Clickable targets are at least 44 by 44 pixels in size unless an alternative target of that size is provided, the target is inline (such as a link within a sentence), the target is not author-modified (such as a default checkbox), or the small target size is essential to the functionality.
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1
AAA
Content does not restrict input to a specific modality, such as touch-only or keyboard-only, but must support alternative inputs (such as using a keyboard on a mobile device).
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3 Understandable 🗣️
18
3.1 Readable
6
1
A
The language of the page is identified using the HTML lang attribute (e.g., <html lang="en">).
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1
AA
The language of page content that is in a different language is identified using the lang attribute (e.g., <blockquote lang="es">).
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1
AAA
⁠
⁠
that may be ambiguous, unfamiliar, or used in a very specific way are defined through adjacent text, a definition list, a glossary, or other suitable method.
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1
AAA
The meaning of an unfamiliar abbreviation is provided by expanding it the first time it is used, using the <abbr> element, or linking to a definition or glossary.
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1
AAA
A more understandable alternative is provided for content that is more advanced than can be reasonably read by a person with roughly 9 years of primary education.
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1
AAA
If the pronunciation of a word is vital to understanding that word, its pronunciation is provided immediately following the word or via a link or glossary.
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3.2 Predictable
5
1
A
When a page element receives focus, it does not result in a substantial change to the page, the spawning of a pop-up window, an additional change of keyboard focus, or any other change that could confuse or disorient the user.
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1
A
When a user inputs information or interacts with a control, it does not result in a substantial change to the page, the spawning of a pop-up window, an additional change of keyboard focus, or any other change that could confuse or disorient the user unless the user is informed of the change ahead of time.
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1
AA
Navigation links that are repeated on web pages do not change order when navigating through the site.
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1
AA
Elements that have the same functionality across multiple web pages are consistently identified. For example, a search box at the top of the site should always be labeled the same way.
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1
AAA
Substantial changes to the page, the spawning of pop-up windows, uncontrolled changes of keyboard focus, or any other change that could confuse or disorient the user must be initiated by the user. Alternatively, the user is provided an option to disable such changes.
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3.3 Input Assistance
7
2
A
Required form elements or form elements that require a specific format, value, or length provide this information within the element's label.
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A
⁠
⁠
errors are efficient, intuitive, and accessible. The error is clearly identified, quick access to the problematic element is provided, and the user can easily fix the error and resubmit the form.
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1
A
Sufficient labels, cues, and instructions for required interactive elements are provided via instructions, examples, properly positioned form labels, and/or fieldsets/legends.
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1