Snapshot of CoRE-Math
Establishment of CoRE-Math: CoRE-Math was granted the status of Africa-Europe Cluster of Research Excellence by ARUA and The Guild on September 3, 2024.
Member Universities: Makerere (co-lead), Uppsala (co-lead), Addis Ababa, Amsterdam, Bergen, Dar es Salaam, Groningen, Lappeenranta, Linköping, Nairobi, Oslo, Stockholm, University of Rwanda, University of Vienna, University of Zambia
Collaborating Organisations: (ECMI), (ICIAM) Focus Areas: • Developing capacity for research and postgraduate training in African universities • Strengthening collaboration in research and postgraduate training between African and European universities • Leveraging mathematics to address socio-economic challenges in Africa
Current Funding: African research councils, Finnish governmental initiatives, ISP, Norad, Sida
Brief History: The Eastern Africa Universities Mathematics Programme (EAUMP), established in 2002 with support from ISP, has focused on building capacity in mathematics departments across its member universities through PhD training, research development, and programme enhancement. ISP has, in a similar manner, supported AAU since 2005. Swedish support via Sida has advanced training in East Africa through initiatives that enhanced postgraduate education and research. Finnish collaboration, spanning about 20 years, has emphasised double-degree Master’s training and PhD mobility. Norwegian support began in 1992 and has contributed through regional initiatives like the Southern African Master’s Programme and the Mathematics for Sustainable Development project. These efforts have benefited hundreds of MSc and PhD students, significantly advancing the region's mathematics education and research capacity.
Website and social media: (under construction),
List of abbreviations used in the Action Plan
DAAD, ICTP, EMS–CDC, GTN, ICTP, ICMS, IMU–CDC, LMS, Norad ISP =The International Science Programme Sida = The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency THIS LIST REMAINS TO BE COMPLETED 1. Introduction
a. General Introduction
This document is an action plan for the Africa-Europe Cluster of Research Excellence in Mathematics (CoRE-Math). As a recently established initiative, CoRE-Math has focused on reviewing plans for 2025 across its key areas:
Developing capacity for research and postgraduate training in African universities Strengthening collaboration in research and postgraduate training between African and European universities Leveraging mathematics to address socio-economic challenges in Africa Additional joint activities, based on the milestones in , will be planned throughout 2025. It is important to note that the cluster’s activities vary in scope: some involve the entire cluster, while others are specific to certain members. This plan also includes activities that do not involve the European partners in order to provide a comprehensive overview. CoRE-Math aims to implement its overall plan effectively and efficiently, with high transparency and accountability, ensuring it meets its long-term goals of enhancing mathematical research, education, and industry collaboration across Africa.
b. Methodology and Outline
The Governance and Processes of CoRE-Math are described in . CoRE-Math uses Results-Based Management (RBM) for planning, monitoring, and reporting purposes. The process begins with the Problem Statement in , which provides a brief overview of the current state of postgraduate mathematics training and research in African member universities. Although not part of a standard RBM framework, the Vision and Mission of CoRE-Math are presented in , which also contains Milestones for the coming ten years. The Overall Objective of CoRE-Math, outlined in , is to address these challenges and achieve lasting impact—long-term, sustainable systemic and societal change. This objective is divided into five Specific Objectives, each targeting a particular aspect of the overarching development challenge. The various activities of CoRE-Math are designed to produce Outcomes, which are intermediary results that contribute to achieving the specific objectives. The expected outcomes for each specific objective are presented in . Progress toward each outcome will be tracked using one or more Performance Indicators, each equipped with a Target. The CoRE-Math Activities are summarised in and . These activities are either cross-cutting or linked to outcomes under the specific objectives. Each activity is linked to an Output, i.e., a deliverable or an immediate result. The available resources that provide Inputs for the activities are summarised in . The Expected Impact of this collaboration is described in . The progress towards the impact will be monitored using several Impact Indicators. It should be noted that the baselines for many performance indicators are currently missing or incomplete. As a result, baselines for the targets connected to the indicators are not included in this plan. We did not include performance indicators for the outputs to avoid over-complicating the framework. We have also omitted a Risk Analysis, often part of an RBM framework. These elements—baselines, indicators for the outputs, and risk analysis—may be incorporated into future iterations of the plan as the initiative evolves.
2. Governance and Processes of CoRE-Math
a. Steering Committee
All major decisions of the cluster are made by the CoRE-Math Steering Committee, which consists of all contact persons of the cluster. The Steering Committee is responsible for running CoRE-Math, and It approves the cluster’s Annual Plan, Annual Report, and Strategies. The Steering Committee will initially meet every month, mainly online.
Shared decision-making is a core principle, ensuring all partners have an equal voice in setting the partnership's goals, structure, and priorities. The cluster shall aim for balanced resource allocation, including funding, equipment, and training opportunities, according to the needs and capabilities of each partner. Additionally, the collaboration recognises the importance of reciprocal benefit through shared research outputs, access to academic networks and data, and opportunities for student and staff exchanges.
b. Management Team
The day-to-day management of the cluster is handled by the CoRE-Math Management Team, consisting of the Co-Leads and their assistants. This team has weekly online meetings and reports to the Steering Committee.
c. Working Groups
CoRE-Math plans to form several working groups responsible for certain areas of CoRE-Math’s activities. So far, working groups for the following areas have been discussed:
Academia-Society Collaboration Collaborative PhD Training Communication, Dissemination and Outreach The Academia–Society group is active and has one member for each African node and four European members. These working groups will, among other things, develop strategies and detailed action plans for their respective areas of responsibility. The working groups report to the Management Team.
d. Strategies
Core-Math will develop several strategies and accompanying action plans. The strategies include areas like Academia-Society collaboration, Collaborative PhD Training, Communication, dissemination and outreach, Funding, and Gender, and they will be developed either by the working groups or the management team.
3. Problem Statement
Universities in Eastern Africa face significant challenges in meeting the growing demand for PhD holders in mathematics, particularly within the higher education sector. This shortfall is primarily attributed to insufficient funding for postgraduate training, severely limiting opportunities for advanced education. The lack of financial support also hampers the production of high-quality mathematical research, as inadequate resources for research activities diminish these institutions’ capacity to tackle critical challenges.
The absence of robust knowledge transfer partnerships in mathematics further restricts collaboration and innovation. Such partnerships are crucial for addressing societal challenges that require advanced mathematical tools and methodologies. Moreover, the limited emphasis on mathematical research leaves pressing issues—such as climate modelling, data analysis, and technological innovation—underexplored, highlighting the urgent need to expand research efforts in these areas.
Equally important is the need to foster a more inclusive and equitable academic environment. The persistently low participation of women in postgraduate mathematics training and research underscores the importance of targeted efforts to promote diversity and inclusion in this field.
4. Vision, Mission and Milestones of CoRE-Math
a. Vision
The 10-year vision of CoRE-Math is large-scale PhD training in mathematics of high international standards at all African universities in the cluster. The vision also includes extensive staff and student exchange between the universities and with partners in Europe. The expansion of the PhD training will be accompanied by a similar expansion of the universities' research activities and an increased influx of research funding. The use of mathematics and the interactions between researchers at the mathematics departments and other stakeholders inside and outside academia will also increase considerably.
b. Mission
CoRE-Math will provide high-standard, sustainable PhD mathematics training in Africa. The cluster aims to cater for the increasing needs of well-trained mathematicians with efficient data and computing skills in academia and society in Africa and provide researchers and students in Africa equitable conditions for conducting high-quality research and research education in mathematics. CoRE-Math also aims to address the low participation of women in postgraduate training and research in African universities. To increase the use of mathematics outside academia, CoRE-Math will create platforms for Academy-Industry interaction.
c. Milestones
Short-term milestones (years 1-3)
Establishment of a collaborative PhD programme Creation of platforms for Academia-Industry-Society Collaboration Establishment of ten new collaborations with industry Development of CoRE-Math strategies and related action plans Organisation of CoRE-Math–ICTP summer schools and conferences Organisation of CoRE-Math annual meetings Medium-term milestones (years 4-6)
Self-assessment and external evaluation of Academia-Industry-Society collaboration Self-assessment and external evaluation of CoRE-Math strategies and related action plans Establishment of a Postdoctoral Programme Review of BSc and MSc programmes in mathematics in the African universities Long-term milestones (years 7-10)
Evaluation and review of the collaborative PhD programme Assessment of Academia-Industry-Society Collaboration Assessment of CoRE-Math Strategies Assessment of the Postdoctoral Programme
5. Objectives of CoRE-Math
a. Overall Objective
I modified the overall objective to align better with the problem statement. The previous version was much too abstract.
To address the problems mentioned in , CoRE-Math aims to achieve the following overall objective. The Overall Objective of CoRE-Math
To build a sustainable and inclusive ecosystem for advanced mathematics education and research in African universities by collaborating with European partners to produce skilled graduates, address societal challenges, foster global partnerships, and promote women’s representation through strengthened funding and knowledge transfer among the partners.
b. Specific Objectives
The specific objectives are not very SMART. Can we make them SMARTer? The main problem is that they are neither measurable nor time-bound. SO1 is not specific—what does “high capacity” mean?
The overall objective of CoRE-Math is broken down into five Specific Objectives.
The Specific Objectives of CoRE-Math
To develop high capacity for research and postgraduate training in African universities. To substantially increase the research outputs from research involving African and European partners. To substantially increase high-quality postgraduate training in African universities in collaboration with European partners. To substantially increase the participation of women in postgraduate training and research in African universities. To leverage mathematics to address socio-economic challenges among the partners and beyond.
6. Outcomes and Performance Indicators
The following table lists the expected outcomes per specific objective. A performance indicator will be used to monitor each outcome. Data for the indicators will be collected per node and aggregated for the whole cluster. Each indicator has a target, either an annual target per node or a target for ten years per node. Some baseline data are available in ISP’s yearly reports, but the baseline data is far from complete. CoRE-Math, therefore, plans to conduct a baseline study in 2025.
Performance Indicator (numbers, percentages, etc.)
7. Cross-Cutting Activities of CoRE-Math
This is a general comment about our activities: Almost all activities will take place in 2025. There’s no long-term planning.
This and the following section aim to summarise the planned activities of CoRE-Math, focusing on activities scheduled in 2025. The present section concerns cross-cutting activities aimed at facilitating the work and achieving the goals of CoRE-Math. Detailed activity plans for each African node are presented in . a. Management of CoRE-Math
On the management level, CoRE-Math plans to establish several working groups, which have already been mentioned. Based on statistics available at ISP (students, staff, publications, conferences, funding, etc.), CORE-Math plans to produce a comprehensive baseline study in 2025. CoRE-Math will also collect statistics connected to the cluster’s key indicators regularly. A part of the baseline study will be a bibliometric analysis of the African partners of CoRE-Math. In connection with this, CoRE-Math plans to return to the external evaluation of EAUMP conducted in 2016 to assess the progress made since then. CoRE-Math will furthermore conduct a needs assessment among the African partner universities in 2025 (a questionnaire was developed in 2024). CoRE-Math finally plans to arrange the first joint CoRE-Math meeting in 2025. The focus will be on preparing for joint activities, including applications for funding and team-building.
b. New Members and Collaborations
After ARUA and The Guild granted the application for establishing CoRE-Math, several African and European universities contacted the cluster about the possibilities of establishing collaboration or becoming new university members of the cluster. CoRE-Math anticipates that these contacts will lead to a slow cluster extension. CoRE-Math will also explore possible cooperation with other non-university organisations, some of which are mentioned in the CoRE-Math proposal.
c. Funding of CoRE-Math
All African departments have funding, albeit small, from ISP. Rwanda and Tanzania have funding from Sida. Tanzania and Uganda have funding from Norhed II.
Fundraising remains a vital component of CoRE-Math’s success. Historically, significant funding has been provided by Finnish initiatives, ISP, Norad, and Sida, with additional support from organisations such as CIMPA, Compositio, DAAD, Elsevier’s Mathematical Sciences Sponsorship Fund, EMS–CDC, GTN, ICTP, ICMS, IMU–CDC, Jane Street Capital, and LMS.
While continuing to seek support from these traditional sources, CoRE-Math will target funding opportunities open to EU-Africa cooperation. These include the Erasmus+ Capacity Building in Higher Education Scheme (CBHE), the Erasmus+ International Credit Mobility Scheme (ICM), the Intra-Africa Academic Mobility Scheme, and the MSCA Doctoral Networks and Postdoctoral Fellowships Programme. CoRE-Math members, in collaboration with LUT, have previously applied for funding from the Erasmus+ Capacity Building in Higher Education and the Intra-Africa Academic Mobility schemes.
CoRE-Math will explore new funding opportunities in 2025, including Carnegie Foundation, DAAD, Mastercard Foundation, Organization for Women in Science for the Developing World (OWSD), Simons Foundation, and XTX Markets. It is too early to say precisely what kind of funding the cluster will apply for, but it will probably include PhD and/or postdoc funding, travel grants, conference funding, and workshops.
To meet fundraising challenges, CoRE-Math will develop a comprehensive fundraising strategy and plan to focus its efforts effectively.
d. Communication, Dissemination and Outreach
At the beginning of 2025, CoRE-Math plans to finish the work on its . CoRE-Math will also continue to use for communication with a broader audience- CoRE-Math intends to restart the (AfMS) in 2025. This seminar ran globally successfully as a series of webinars for a few years under EAUMP but was paused when the main organiser left for a new position. AfMS will mainly focus on research conducted in the cluster. In 2025, CoRE-Math will start planning for the 1st CoRE-MATH Conference. This will be a continuation of the EAUMP Conferences that have been arranged regularly since YYYY.
One of the organisations that CoRE-Math will try to collaborate with is the newly established African Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (ASIAM). ASIAM organised the first African Conference for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (ACIAM) in 2024, and CoRE-Math plans to offer to host one of the future ACIAMs. Concerning communication,
e. Capacity Building for Research and Postgraduate Training
As outlined in under Specific Objective 1, several capacity-building activities for research and postgraduate training are planned for the near future. Additionally, CoRE-Math will initiate plans for training sessions on bibliometrics, e-resources, publication strategies, and related topics. ISP has successfully organised similar trainings in the past. Furthermore, CoRE-Math will explore opportunities to provide African partners access to high-performance computing facilities. f. Research in CoRE-Math
Four international research groups were established in 2018: Applied Probability in East Africa (APREA), the Combinatorial Research Studio (CoRS), the Eastern Africa Algebra Group (EAALG), Partial Differential Equations and Applications (PDEAPP). These research groups have limited funding from ISP and members from all African universities in CoRE-Math, other African universities, and some European universities. We anticipate that researchers from all the European partners in CoRE-Math will join the research groups. We also expect new research groups to be formed in active research areas like biomathematics, computational mathematics, financial mathematics, mathematics education, and multivariate statistics and data analysis.
CoRE-Math will furthermore conduct a mapping of other clusters where CoRE-Math could contribute to multidisciplinary research projects. This mapping may be extended to include the ARUA Centres of Excellence and the African Centres of Excellence funded by the World Bank. The following table contains some preliminary ideas concerning the CoREs:
Multidisciplinary Collaboration
g. Postgraduate Training in CoRE-Math
PhD training will continue in the PhD programmes at all the African nodes, where about 100 students are in training. Some PhD training will be done in collaboration with African and European partners. In parallel, CoRE-Math plans to investigate different ways to fund a collaborative PhD programme.
h. Gender Promoting Activities
The gender-promoting activities of CoRE-Math will continue to centre around (EANWoBAS), which ISP has supported since 2019. We also anticipate that the collaboration between EANWoBAS and organisations like (OWSD) and Tanzania Women in Mathematics (TWM) will be intensified as an effect of the creation of CoRE-Math.
8. Activities Linked to the Specific Objectives of CoRE-Math
The European partners are largely missing from the activities. They can't be totally absent.
This summarises the activities that are planned for 2025. The activities are listed under the specific objectives and are linked to the outcomes they will contribute to. More details can be found in . a. Specific Objective 1
To develop high capacity for research and postgraduate training in African universities
Outcomes and Activities
Capacity built for postgraduate training: Training on e-resources (Tanzania), mathematical software (Tanzania), PhD supervision (Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda). Capacity built for research: PhD graduations: Rwanda (1), Tanzania (2), Uganda (6). Postdocs: Tanzania (3). Capacity built for research and postgraduate training: Formation of UNZA Mathematics Alumni Association (Zambia). Research funds available: Several applications for research funding are planned: Kenya (3), Rwanda (2), Tanzania (4), and Zambia (3). Strengthened capacity for fundraising: Training on proposal writing (Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda). Concerning the planned PhD graduations and postdocs, notice that these numbers are very low compared to the region’s actual needs.
b. Specific Objective 2
To substantially increase the research outputs from research involving African and European partners.
Outcomes and Activities
Research results disseminated Kenya will arrange a conference on Advances in Mathematical Research and their Industrial Applications. Rwanda is planning for two national workshops. Uganda and Zambia plan to participate in the Southern Africa Mathematical Sciences Association (SAMSA) conference in 2025. All departments run regular seminar series. c. Specific Objective 3
To substantially increase high-quality postgraduate training in African universities in collaboration with European partners.
Outcomes and Activities
High-quality postgraduate training: Kenya and Tanzania will arrange workshops on mathematical modelling. The 2025 Core-Math-ICTP Summer School will be arranged at the University of Rwanda with participation by Master’s and PhD students from all African nodes in CoRE-Math as well as from other African countries. The topic of this year’s school is Harmonic Analysis. Planning for the 2026 CoRE-Math-ICTP Summer School, which will take place at University of Nairobi, will also start in 2025. More students doing STEM studies at universities: Several actions to ensure that more students choose STEM studies at university will be implemented in 2025. These actions include school visits (Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia), career days (Kenya), science and math camps (Tanzania, Uganda), celebration of the International Mathematics Day, Mar 14, 2025 (Tanzania, Uganda), support to primary and secondary school teachers (Tanzania), meetings for mathematics teachers (Tanzania, Uganda), mathematics competitions and trainings ((Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda), participation in international mathematics competitions and trainings (Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda). d. Specific Objective 4
To substantially increase the participation of women in postgraduate training and research in African universities.
Outcomes and Activities
More female role models: To highlight the role of women as role models, Kenya will arrange a research symposium, Women in Mathematics, and Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda will celebrate International Women's Day in Mathematics on May 12, 2025. In addition, Uganda will arrange the International Day of Women and Girls in Science Conference on Feb 11, 2025. More women trained at the postgraduate level: Kenya will arrange career showcases for female students, hackathons and math camps for girls. Tanzania will arrange science camps for girls. Uganda will celebrate the International Day of the Girl Child on Oct 11, 2025. e. Specific Objective 5
To leverage mathematics to address socio-economic challenges, especially in Africa.
Outcomes and Activities
Collaborations established with end-users Kenya and Tanzania will arrange Industry Days. Kenya will also arrange Industry-Academia Roundtable Meetings. Tanzania, as well as Uganda, will arrange Research and Innovation Weeks., Modelling Weeks will be arranged in Kenya and Rwanda, while Kenya and Tanzania will work with study groups involving students, researchers, and industry practitioners. Kenya will arrange workshops on tech transfer and commercialisation of research outputs, while Tanzania will organise a two-day workshop on Mathematics in Industry. Tanzania will also arrange a two-week short course on Data Analysis and Mathematical Programming and conduct company visits. Zambia will finally conduct short training sessions for Zambia Revenue Authority employees on Data Analysis with R.
9. Available Resources
The resources of the European partners are completely missing below.
The available resources of CoRE-Math are summarised in this section. Full details are presented in . While all African nodes have postgraduate computer labs, many of the computers are outdated or non-functional. Access to essential software is limited, and none of the departments have high-performance computing facilities. Additionally, access to mathematics journals through university libraries is either severely restricted or entirely unavailable. Institutional funding for research is not provided by any of the African universities. One possible explanation for this—though it does not account for the lack of resources for fieldwork, conference participation, and similar activities—is that research is treated as part of the regular academic workload. However, with relatively small academic staff numbers, faculty members often struggle to find time for research. Collectively, these challenges present significant barriers to both research and research training.
Available Resources
Potential supervisors: All African departments have a fair number of PhD holders and, in some cases, several professors. Postgraduate curricula: All African departments train at the postgraduate level, both Master’s and PhD students. Zambia stands out since the PhD training is by research, not coursework and dissertation. Computer labs: All African departments have computer labs for postgraduate students. Tanzania has a dedicated lab for PhD students. Databases for journals: All African departments have access to the databases and , which are free globally. Rwanda and Uganda have access to , and Uganda and Zambia have access to . Journals: Access to journals through the libraries is extremely limited, and only Tanzania and Zambia can access any journals. Institutional funding for research: No African institution provides any funding for research. In-kind resources: The in-kind provided by the African institutions are in the form of electricity, offices, salaries, etc. External research funding: All African departments have funding, albeit small, from ISP. Rwanda and Tanzania have funding from Sida. Tanzania and Uganda have funding from Norhed II.
10. Expected Impact and Impact Indicators
If successful, CoRE-Math aims to contribute to several long-term, significant, and sustainable changes concerning what was described in . These changes represent the cluster’s envisioned impact, extending beyond the immediate sphere of postgraduate training and research within African member universities. The ripple effects are expected to influence broader societal development. While much of the development in the higher education sector over the next decade may not be directly attributable to CoRE-Math, the cluster aspires to play a pivotal role in driving progress and shaping advancements in this critical area. The expected impact is summarised in the following table, where each impact will be measured by one or several impact indicators. As for the performance indicators, the baselines for the indicators are currently incomplete and, therefore, not presented here.
Appendix A: Detailed Activity Plan for 2025
This table has to be quality-assured. We need to know that the activities will take place. We should also have dates for many more activities. Finally, we need to add outputs for all activities.
The following table lists the activities in CoRE-Math under 2025. Each activity is allocated to one of the African nodes. Each activity is also linked to one of the planned outcomes. For instance, “OSO1: Capacity built for postgraduate training” refers to the outcome “Capacity built for postgraduate training” under Specific Objective 1: “To develop high capacity for research and postgraduate training in African universities”.
Detailed Activity Plan 2025