The next patient on your emergency list is a 60-year old woman who has been admitted to hospital for the past two weeks with Streptococcal pneumonia. Her only other medical background is type 2 diabetes, for which she normally takes metformin. She has developed an empyema which has been refractory to medical therapy and the thoracic surgeons have booked the patient for a VATS decortication. She is currently in the high dependency unit of the respiratory ward. Her vital signs are: