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RMP File

dict_hn = {'Arad': 336, 'Bucharest': 0, 'Craiova': 160, 'Drobeta': 242, 'Eforie': 161, 'Fagaras': 176, 'Giurgiu': 77, 'Hirsova': 151, 'Iasi': 226, 'Lugoj': 244, 'Mehadia': 241, 'Neamt': 234, 'Oradea': 380, 'Pitesti': 100, 'Rimnicu': 193, 'Sibiu': 253, 'Timisoara': 329, 'Urziceni': 80, 'Vaslui': 199, 'Zerind': 374} dict_gn = dict( Arad=dict(Zerind=75, Timisoara=118, Sibiu=140), Bucharest=dict(Urziceni=85, Giurgiu=90, Pitesti=101, Fagaras=211), Craiova=dict(Drobeta=120, Pitesti=138, Rimnicu=146), Drobeta=dict(Mehadia=75, Craiova=120), Eforie=dict(Hirsova=86), Fagaras=dict(Sibiu=99, Bucharest=211), Giurgiu=dict(Bucharest=90), Hirsova=dict(Eforie=86, Urziceni=98), Iasi=dict(Neamt=87, Vaslui=92), Lugoj=dict(Mehadia=70, Timisoara=111), Mehadia=dict(Lugoj=70, Drobeta=75), Neamt=dict(Iasi=87), Oradea=dict(Zerind=71, Sibiu=151), Pitesti=dict(Rimnicu=97, Bucharest=101, Craiova=138), Rimnicu=dict(Sibiu=80, Pitesti=97, Craiova=146), Sibiu=dict(Rimnicu=80, Fagaras=99, Arad=140, Oradea=151), Timisoara=dict(Lugoj=111, Arad=118), Urziceni=dict(Bucharest=85, Hirsova=98, Vaslui=142), Vaslui=dict(Iasi=92, Urziceni=142), Zerind=dict(Oradea=71, Arad=75) )

Practical 1

AIM: Implement Breadth first search algorithm for Romanian map problem.

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AI Docs⁠

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Code

import queue as Q from RMP import dict_gn start = 'Arad' goal = 'Bucharest' result = ''

def BFS(city, cityq, visitedq): global result if city == start: result = result + ' '+city for eachcity in dict_gn[city].keys(): if eachcity == goal: result = result+' '+eachcity return if eachcity not in cityq.queue and eachcity not in visitedq.queue: cityq.put(eachcity) result = result+' '+eachcity visitedq.put(city) BFS(cityq.get(), cityq, visitedq)

def main(): cityq = Q.Queue() visitedq = Q.Queue() BFS(start, cityq, visitedq) print("BFS Traversal from", start, "to", goal, "is: ") print(result)

main()

Practical 2

AIM: Implement IDDFS(Iterative Deepening Depth-First Search).

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AI Docs⁠

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import queue as Q from RMP import dict_gn

start = 'Arad' goal = 'Bucharest' result = ''

def DLS(city, visitedstack, startlimit, endlimit): global result found = 0 result = result+city+'' visitedstack.append(city) if city == goal: return 1 if startlimit == endlimit: return 0 for eachcity in dict_gn[city].keys(): if eachcity not in visitedstack: found = DLS(eachcity, visitedstack, startlimit+1, endlimit) if found: return found

def IDDFS(city, visitedstack, endlimit): global result for i in range(0, endlimit): print("Searching at Limit: ", i) found = DLS(city, visitedstack, 0, 1) if found: print("Found") break else: print("Not found!") print(result) print("--------") result = '' visitedstack = []

def main(): visitedstack = [] IDDFS(start, visitedstack, 9) print("IDDFS Traversal from", start, " to ", goal, "is: ") print(result)

main()

Practical 3

AIM: Implement A* search.

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AI Docs⁠

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import queue as Q from RMP import dict_gn from RMP import dict_hn

start = 'Arad' goal = 'Bucharest' result = ''

def get_fn(citystr): cities = citystr.split(" , ") hn = gn = 0 for ctr in range(0, len(cities)-1): gn = gn+dict_gn[cities[ctr]][cities[ctr+1]] hn = dict_hn[cities[len(cities)-1]] return(hn+gn)

def expand(cityq): global result tot, citystr, thiscity = cityq.get() if thiscity == goal: result = citystr+" : : "+str(tot) return for cty in dict_gn[thiscity]: cityq.put((get_fn(citystr+" , "+cty), citystr+" , "+cty, cty)) expand(cityq)

def main(): cityq = Q.PriorityQueue() thiscity = start cityq.put((get_fn(start), start, thiscity)) expand(cityq) print("The A* path wiht total is : ") print(result)

main()

Practical 4

AIM: RBFS(Recursive Breadth First Search)

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AI Docs⁠

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import queue as Q from RMP import dict_gn from RMP import dict_hn

start='Arad' goal='Bucharest' result=''

def get_fn(citystr): cities=citystr.split(',') hn=gn=0 for ctr in range(0,len(cities)-1): gn=gn+dict_gn[cities[ctr]][cities[ctr+1]] hn=dict_hn[cities[len(cities)-1]] return(hn+gn)

def printout(cityq): for i in range(0,cityq.qsize()): print(cityq.queue[i])

def expand(cityq): global result tot,citystr,thiscity=cityq.get() nexttot=999 if not cityq.empty(): nexttot,nextcitystr,nextthiscity=cityq.queue[0] if thiscity==goal and tot<nexttot: result=citystr+'::'+str(tot) return print("Expanded city---------------",thiscity) print("Second best f(n)--------------",nexttot) tempq=Q.PriorityQueue() for cty in dict_gn[thiscity]: tempq.put((get_fn(citystr+','+cty),citystr+','+cty,cty)) for ctr in range(1,3): ctrtot,ctrcitystr,ctrthiscity=tempq.get() if ctrtot<nexttot: cityq.put((ctrtot,ctrcitystr,ctrthiscity)) else: cityq.put((ctrtot,citystr,thiscity)) break printout(cityq) expand(cityq) def main(): cityq=Q.PriorityQueue() thiscity=start cityq.put((999,"NA","NA")) cityq.put((get_fn(start),start,thiscity)) expand(cityq) print(result) main()

Practical 5

AIM: Implement Decision-Tree learning algorithm. #REQUIREMENTS:

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balance-scale.names

2.2 kB

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balance-scale.data

6.3 kB

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1)---file1(balance-scale.data) & file2(balance-scale.names)

2)---install these modules:

python -m pip install pandas==0.18

python -m pip install scipy

python -m pip install scikit-learn

python -m pip install numpy

import numpy as np import pandas as pd import sklearn as sk from sklearn.metrics import confusion_matrix from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split from sklearn.tree import DecisionTreeClassifier from sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score from sklearn.metrics import classification_report

# Importing dataset def importdata(): balance_data = pd.read_csv("balance-scale.data") # print the dataset shape print("Dataset Length : ", len(balance_data)) # printing the dataset observations print("Dataset : ", balance_data.head()) return balance_data

# func to split the dataset

def splitdataset(balance_data): # seperating the target variable X = balance_data.values[:, 1:5] Y = balance_data.values[:, 0]

# splitting the dataset into train and test X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split( X, Y, test_size=0.3, random_state=100) return X, Y, X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test

# function to perform training with entropy

def train_using_entropy(X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test): # decision tree with entropy clf_entropy = DecisionTreeClassifier( criterion="entropy", random_state=100, max_depth=3, min_samples_leaf=5)

# performing training clf_entropy.fit(X_train, y_train) return clf_entropy

def prediction(X_test, clf_object): y_pred = clf_object.predict(X_test) print("Predicted Values : ") print(y_pred) return y_pred

def cal_accuracy(y_test, y_pred): print("Accuracy : ", accuracy_score(y_test, y_pred)*100)

def main(): data = importdata() X, Y, X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = splitdataset(data)

clf_entropy = train_using_entropy(X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test)

print("Results using entropy : ") y_pred_entropy = prediction(X_test, clf_entropy) cal_accuracy(y_test, y_pred_entropy)

main()

Practical 6

AIM: Implement Naive-Bayes learning algo for RWP(Restaurant Waiting Problem).

RWp

rwp_examples = dict( x1=dict(Alt='Y', Bar='N', Fri='N', Hun='Y', Pat='S', Price='$$$', Rain='N', Res='Y', Type='F', Est='0-10', ans='Y'), x2=dict(Alt='Y', Bar='N', Fri='N', Hun='Y', Pat='F', Price='$', Rain='N', Res='N', Type='T', Est='30-60', ans='N'), x3=dict(Alt='N', Bar='Y', Fri='N', Hun='N', Pat='S', Price='$', Rain='N', Res='N', Type='B', Est='0-10', ans='Y'), x4=dict(Alt='Y', Bar='N', Fri='Y', Hun='Y', Pat='F', Price='$', Rain='Y', Res='N', Type='T', Est='10-30', ans='Y'), x5=dict(Alt='Y', Bar='N', Fri='Y', Hun='N', Pat='F', Price='$$$', Rain='N', Res='Y', Type='F', Est='>60', ans='N'), x6=dict(Alt='N', Bar='Y', Fri='N', Hun='Y', Pat='S', Price='$$', Rain='Y', Res='Y', Type='I', Est='0-10', ans='Y'), x7=dict(Alt='N', Bar='Y', Fri='N', Hun='N', Pat='N', Price='$', Rain='Y', Res='N', Type='B', Est='0-10', ans='N'), x8=dict(Alt='N', Bar='N', Fri='N', Hun='Y', Pat='S', Price='$$', Rain='Y', Res='Y', Type='T', Est='0-10', ans='Y'), x9=dict(Alt='N', Bar='Y', Fri='Y', Hun='N', Pat='F', Price='$', Rain='Y', Res='N', Type='B', Est='>60', ans='N'), x10=dict(Alt='Y', Bar='Y', Fri='Y', Hun='Y', Pat='F', Price='$$$', Rain='N', Res='Y', Type='I', Est='10-30', ans='N'), x11=dict(Alt='N', Bar='N', Fri='N', Hun='N', Pat='N', Price='$', Rain='N', Res='N', Type='T', Est='0-10', ans='N'), x12=dict(Alt='Y', Bar='Y', Fri='Y', Hun='Y', Pat='F', Price='$', Rain='N', Res='N', Type='B', Est='0-10', ans='Y') )

from RWP import rwp_examples total_exp = 12

def tot(attribute, value): count = 0 for key, val in rwp_examples.items(): for key1, val1 in val.items(): if key1 == attribute: if val1 == value: count += 1 return count

def getProbab(attribute, attribval, value): count = 0 for key, val in rwp_examples.items(): val1 = rwp_examples[key][attribute] val2 = rwp_examples[key]['ans'] if val1 == attribval and val2 == value: count += 1 probab = count / tot('ans', value) return probab

def main(): PAltYes = tot('Alt', 'Y') / total_exp PAltNo = tot('Alt', 'N') / total_exp PBarYes = tot('Bar', 'Y') / total_exp PBarNo = tot('Bar', 'N') / total_exp PFriYes = tot('Fri', 'Y') / total_exp PFriNo = tot('Fri', 'N') / total_exp PHunYes = tot('Hun', 'Y') / total_exp PHunNo = tot('Hun', 'N') / total_exp PPatSome = tot('Pat', 'S') / total_exp PPatFull = tot('Pat', 'F') / total_exp PPatNone = tot('Pat', 'N') / total_exp PPriceCheap = tot('Price', '$') / total_exp PPriceAvg = tot('Price', '$$') / total_exp PPriceExp = tot('Price', '$$$') / total_exp PRainYes = tot('Rain', 'Y') / total_exp PRainNo = tot('Rain', 'N') / total_exp PResYes = tot('Res', 'Y') / total_exp PResNo = tot('Res', 'N') / total_exp PTypeFrench = tot('Type', 'F') / total_exp PTypeItalian = tot('Type', 'I') / total_exp PTypeBurger = tot('Type', 'B') / total_exp PTypeThai = tot('Type', 'T') / total_exp PEstFew = tot('Est', '0-10') / total_exp PEstMore = tot('Est', '10-30') / total_exp PEstStillMore = tot('Est', '30-60') / total_exp PEstTooMuch = tot('Est', '>60') / total_exp PAnsYes = tot('ans', 'Y') / total_exp PAnsNo = tot('ans', 'N') / total_exp print('Probability for will wait if there is an Alternate Restaurant Nearby: ') print('Yes: Will Wait ', (getProbab( 'Alt', 'Y', 'Y') * PAnsYes/PAltYes) * 100, '%') print('No: Will Wait ', (getProbab('Alt', 'Y', 'N') * PAnsNo/PAltYes) * 100, '%') print('Probability for will wait if there No is an Alternate Restaurant Nearby: ') print('Yes: Will Wait ', (getProbab('Alt', 'N', 'Y') * PAnsYes/PAltNo) * 100, '%') print('No: Will Wait ', (getProbab('Alt', 'N', 'N') * PAnsNo/PAltNo) * 100, '%') print('Probability for will wait if Estimated Wait time is 0-10 minutes: ') print('Yes: Will Wait ', (getProbab( 'Est', '0-10', 'Y') * PAnsYes/PEstFew) * 100, '%') print('No: Will Wait ', (getProbab( 'Est', '0-10', 'N') * PAnsNo/PEstFew) * 100, '%') print('Probability for will wait if Estimated Wait time is 10-30 minutes ') print('Yes: Will Wait ', (getProbab('Est', '10-30', 'Y') * PAnsYes/PEstMore) * 100, '%') print('No: Will Wait ', (getProbab('Est', '10-30', 'N') * PAnsNo/PEstMore) * 100, '%') print("Probability for Will Wait if the Estimated Wait Time is 30-60 mins: ") print("Yes: Will Wait: ", (getProbab('Est', '30-60', 'Y') * PAnsYes/PEstStillMore)*100, "%") print("No: Will Wait: ", (getProbab('Est', '30-60', 'N') * PAnsNo/PEstStillMore)*100, "%") print("Probability for Will Wait if the Estimated Wait Time is >60 mins: ") print("Yes: Will Wait: ", (getProbab( 'Est', '>60', 'Y')*PAnsYes/PEstTooMuch)*100, "%") print("No: Will Wait: ", (getProbab( 'Est', '>60', 'N')*PAnsNo/PEstTooMuch)*100, "%") print('Probability for will wait if there are Some Patrons ') print('Yes: Will Wait ', (getProbab('Pat', 'S', 'Y') * PAnsYes/PPatSome) * 100, '%') print('No: Will Wait ', (getProbab('Pat', 'S', 'N') * PAnsNo/PPatSome) * 100, '%') print("Probability for Will Wait if there are None Patrons: ") print("Yes: Will Wait: ", (getProbab('Pat', 'N', 'Y')*PAnsYes/PPatNone)*100, "%") print("No: Will Wait: ", (getProbab('Pat', 'N', 'N')*PAnsNo/PPatNone)*100, "%") print("Probability for Will Wait if there are Full Patrons: ") print("Yes: Will Wait: ", (getProbab('Pat', 'F', 'Y')*PAnsYes/PPatFull)*100, "%") print("No: Will Wait: ", (getProbab('Pat', 'F', 'N')*PAnsNo/PPatFull)*100, "%") print('Probability for will wait if the place is Thai ') print('Yes: Will Wait ', (getProbab('Type', 'T', 'Y') * PAnsYes/PTypeThai) * 100, '%') print('No: Will Wait ', (getProbab('Type', 'T', 'N') * PAnsNo/PTypeThai) * 100, '%')

main()

Practical 7

AIM: Implement feed forward back propagation neural network learning algorithm.

import numpy as np

class NeuralNetwork(): def __init__(self):

np.random.seed()

self.synaptic_weights = 2*np.random.random((3, 1))-1

def sigmoid(self, x):

return 1/(1+np.exp(-x))

def sigmoid_derivative(self, x):

return x*(1-x)

def train(self, training_inputs, training_outputs, training_iterations):

for iteration in range(training_iterations):

output = self.think(training_inputs) error = training_outputs-output

adjustments = np.dot(training_inputs.T, error * self.sigmoid_derivative(output)) self.synaptic_weights += adjustments

def think(self, inputs):

inputs = inputs.astype(float) output = self.sigmoid(np.dot(inputs, self.synaptic_weights)) return output

if __name__ == "__main__":

neural_network = NeuralNetwork() print("Beginning randomly generated weights: ") print(neural_network.synaptic_weights)

training_inputs = np.array([[0, 0, 1], [1, 1, 1], [1, 0, 1], [0, 1, 1]]) training_outputs = np.array([[0, 1, 1, 0]]).T

neural_network.train(training_inputs, training_outputs, 15000) print("Ending weights after training: ") print(neural_network.synaptic_weights) user_input_one = str(input("User Input One: ")) user_input_two = str(input("User Input Two: ")) user_input_three = str(input("User Input Three: ")) print("Considering new situation: ", user_input_one, user_input_two, user_input_three) print("New output data: ") print(neural_network.think( np.array([user_input_one, user_input_two, user_input_three])))

Practical 8

AIM: Implement AdaBoost(Adaptive Boosting) learning algorithm.

import pandas from sklearn import model_selection from sklearn.ensemble import AdaBoostClassifier url = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jbrownlee/Datasets/master/pima-indians-diabetes.data.csv" names = ['preg', 'plas', 'pres', 'skin', 'test', 'mass', 'pedi', 'age', 'class'] dataframe = pandas.read_csv(url, names=names) array = dataframe.values X = array[:, 0:8] Y = array[:, 8] seed = 7 num_trees = 30

model = AdaBoostClassifier(n_estimators=num_trees, random_state=seed)

results = model_selection.cross_val_score(model, X, Y) print(results.mean())