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4th Grade ICSE
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Motions of Earth

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Introduction

Welcome, young explorers! Today, we're diving into the fascinating world of our planet, Earth, and its movements. We'll discover how these movements create day and night and change the seasons. Let's get started!

1. The Earth's Axis

1.1 What is an Axis?

Imagine spinning a top. You'll notice it spins around an invisible line in the middle. This line is called an axis. The Earth also has an imaginary line, its axis, around which it spins.
The axis is an imaginary line.
The Earth's axis is tilted, not straight up and down.

1.2 Earth's Tilt

The Earth's axis is tilted at an angle. This tilt is very important because it affects how sunlight reaches different parts of the Earth, which in turn causes seasons.
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2. Movements of the Earth

2.1 Rotation

Rotation is the spinning of the Earth on its axis.
The Earth rotates from west to east.
One complete rotation takes 24 hours.
Rotation causes day and night.

2.2 Day and Night

As the Earth rotates, the part facing the Sun has daylight, and the part facing away has night. This is why we have day and night!
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2.3 Revolution

Revolution is the movement of the Earth around the Sun.
The Earth travels in a fixed path called an orbit.
One complete revolution takes 365 days and 6 hours.

2.4 Orbit

The orbit is the path the Earth takes as it revolves around the Sun. It's like a racetrack for our planet!
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3. Seasons

3.1 Hemispheres

The equator divides the Earth into the northern and southern hemispheres.
The northern hemisphere is the top half.
The southern hemisphere is the bottom half.

3.2 Causes of Seasons

The tilt of the Earth's axis and its revolution around the Sun cause the seasons. When one hemisphere is tilted towards the Sun, it has summer, and the other has winter.
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3.3 Seasonal Changes

From April to June, the northern hemisphere tilts towards the Sun, causing summer.
From November to January, the southern hemisphere tilts towards the Sun, causing summer there.

Key Definitions

Rotation: The spinning of the Earth on its axis.
Revolution: The movement of the Earth around the Sun.
Axis: An imaginary line around which the Earth spins.
Orbit: The fixed path the Earth takes around the Sun.
Northern Hemisphere: The top half of the Earth.
Southern Hemisphere: The bottom half of the Earth.
Equator: An imaginary line dividing the Earth into two equal halves.
Leap Year: A year with 366 days, occurring every four years.
Introduction
1. The Earth's Axis
1.1 What is an Axis?
1.2 Earth's Tilt
2. Movements of the Earth
2.1 Rotation
2.2 Day and Night
2.3 Revolution
2.4 Orbit
3. Seasons
3.1 Hemispheres
3.2 Causes of Seasons
3.3 Seasonal Changes
Key Definitions
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